Wiki ida lupino biography

British actress and filmmaker (–)

Ida Lupino
Lupino before assist on the radio series Cavalcade of America
Born	()4 February Herne Structure, London, England
Died	3 August () (aged&#;77) Los Angeles, California
Citizenship	United Kingdom United States
Alma&#;mater	Royal Institution of Dramatic Art
Occupations	Actress director writer producer
Years&#;active	–
Political party	Democratic
Spouses	Louis Hayward &#; &#; (m.&#;; div.&#;)&#; Collier Young &#; &#; (m.&#;; div.&#;)&#; Howard Duff &#; &#; (m.&#;; div.&#;)&#;
Children	1
Parents
Family	Lupino

Ida Lupino (4 February ^[1] – 3 Grave ) was a British contestant, director, writer, and producer.

During the whole of her year career, she arised in 59 films and fixed eight, working primarily in honourableness United States, where she became a citizen in She legal action widely regarded as the leading prominent female filmmaker working livestock the s during the Spirit studio system.^[2] With her unrestrained production company, she co-wrote folk tale co-produced several social-message films submit became the first woman accomplish direct a film noir, The Hitch-Hiker, in

Among Lupino's distress directed films, the best make public are Not Wanted (), pout unwed pregnancy (she took stop trading for a sick director prosperous refused directorial credit); Never Fear (), loosely based upon squash up own experiences battling paralyzing polio; Outrage (), one of honesty first films about rape; The Bigamist (), and The Concern with Angels ().

Her little yet immensely influential directorial lifetime, tackling themes of women fascinated by social conventions, usually governed by melodramatic or noir coverings, testing a pioneering example of proto-feminist filmmaking.^[3]

As an actress, Lupino's appropriately known films are The Prosperity of Sherlock Holmes () sound out Basil Rathbone; They Drive hard Night () with George Insipid and Humphrey Bogart; High Sierra () with Bogart; The Main Wolf () with Edward Fleecy.

Robinson and John Garfield; Ladies in Retirement () with Gladiator Hayward; Moontide () with Pants Gabin; The Hard Way (); Deep Valley () with European Clark; Road House () constitute Cornel Wilde and Richard Widmark; While the City Sleeps () with Dana Andrews and Vincent Price; and Junior Bonner () with Steve McQueen.

Lupino likewise directed more than episodes scope television shows in a class of genres, including westerns, extraordinary tales, situation comedies, murder mysteries, and gangster stories.^[4] She was the only woman to point an episode of the fresh The Twilight Zone series ("The Masks"), and the only self-opinionated to star in an chapter ("The Sixteen-Millimeter Shrine").^[5]

Early life attend to family

Lupino was born at 33 Ardbeg Road in Herne Construction, London, to actress Connie O'Shea (also known as Connie Emerald) and music hall comedian Adventurer Lupino, a member of prestige theatrical Lupino family, which star Lupino Lane, a song-and-dance man.^[6] Her great-grandfather, George Hook, clashing his name to Lupino.

Be involved with father, a top name reduce the price of musical comedy in the UK, encouraged her to perform defer an early age. He custom a backyard theatre for Lupino and her sister Rita (–), who also became an participant and dancer.^[6] Lupino wrote rustle up first play at age heptad and toured with a nomadic theatre company as a child.^[7] By the age of hurry, Lupino had memorised the substantial female roles in Shakespeare's plays.

After her childhood training select stage plays, Ida's uncle Lupino Lane assisted her in nomadic towards film acting by deed her work as a qualifications actress at British International Studios.^[8]

She wanted to be a penny-a-liner, but to please her churchman Lupino enrolled in the Grand Academy of Dramatic Art.

She excelled in a number appreciated "bad girl" film roles, regularly playing prostitutes.^[9] Lupino did weep enjoy being an actress stream felt uncomfortable with many push the early roles she was given. She felt that she was pushed into the business due to her family history.^[10]

Career

Actress

Lupino made her first film construct in The Love Race () and the following year, great 14, she worked under chairman Allan Dwan in Her Prime Affaire, in a role home in on which her mother had a while ago tested.^[11] She played leading roles in five British films derive at Warner Bros.' Teddington studios and for Julius Hagen pleasing Twickenham, including The Ghost Camera with John Mills and I Lived with You with Ivor Novello.

She said of take five early roles "My father formerly said to me: 'You're by birth to be bad', and peak was true. I made concentration films in England before Frenzied came to America, and Wild played a tramp or a-one slut in all of them".^[12]

Dubbed "the English Jean Harlow", she was discovered by Paramount top the film Money for Speed, playing a good girl/bad lass dual role.

Lupino claimed greatness talent scouts saw her overlook only the sweet girl rivet the film and not blue blood the gentry part of the prostitute, unexceptional she was asked to aim out for the lead conduct yourself in Alice in Wonderland (). When she arrived in Feel, the Paramount producers did troupe know what to make keep in good condition their sultry potential leading mohammedan, but she did get spiffy tidy up five-year contract.^[4] While at Pre-eminent, Lupino played the lead look a stage production of The Pursuit of Happiness at rendering Paramount Studio Theatre.^[13]

Lupino starred of great consequence over a dozen films imprison the mids, working with River in a two-film deal, song of which, The Light Delay Failed (), was a lines she acquired after running fund the director's office unannounced, arduous an audition.^[11] After this leap performance as a spiteful londoner model who torments Ronald Colman, she began to be in use seriously as a dramatic team member actor.

As a result, her capabilities improved during the s, challenging she jokingly referred to myself as "the poor man's Bette Davis", taking the roles roam Davis refused.^[14][15]

Mark Hellinger, associate impresario at Warner Bros., was troubled by Lupino's performance in The Light That Failed, and leased her for the femme-fatale put it on in the Raoul Walsh-directed They Drive by Night (), en face stars George Raft, Ann Playwright and Humphrey Bogart.

The lp did well and the depreciative consensus was that Lupino boa the movie, particularly in disclose unhinged courtroom scene.^[16] Warner Bros. offered her a contract which she negotiated to include heavy freelance rights.^[11] She worked dictate Walsh and Bogart again staging High Sierra (), where she impressed critic Bosley Crowther discern her role as an "adoring moll".^[17]

Her performance in The Exhausting Way () won the In mint condition York Film Critics Circle Premium for Best Actress.^[6] She marked in Pillow to Post (), which was her only comedic leading role.^[11] Although in instruct throughout the s, she arguably never became a major receiving although she often had abet billing in her pictures, supercilious actors such as Humphrey Histrion, and was repeatedly critically classic for her realistic, direct meticulous style.

She often incurred picture ire of studio boss Banner Warner by objecting to unit casting, refusing poorly written roles that she felt were underneath directed by her dignity as an player, and making script revisions believed unacceptable by the studio. Introduce a result, she spent deft great deal of her goal at Warner Bros.

suspended.^[15] Edict , she rejected an offer one`s services to star with Ronald President in Kings Row, and was immediately put on suspension crash into the studio. Eventually, a conjectural rapprochement was brokered, but repulse relationship with the studio remained strained.

After the drama Deep Valley () finished shooting, neither Warner Bros. nor Lupino reticent to renew her contract brook she left the studio tabled ^[18] She then appeared towards 20th Century Fox as topping nightclub singer in the pick up noir Road House, performing dead heat musical numbers in the crust.

She starred in On Robust Ground in , and haw have taken on some countless the directing tasks of depiction film while director Nicholas Streak was ill.^[7]

Director, writer and maker – The Filmakers Inc.

While disrupt suspension, Lupino had ample repel to observe filming and modification processes, and she became feeling in directing.^[19] She described even so bored she was on principal while "someone else seemed progress to be doing all the expressive work",^[15] and said "It's ergo much more fun.

Creating besmirch yourself, not just parading sully front of a camera".^[12]

She service her then-husband, producer and columnist Collier Young, formed an isolated company, The Filmakers Inc., dissertation "produce, direct, and write low-budget, issue-oriented films".^[4][20][21] It was familiar in with Lupino as president, Collier Young as president, topmost screenwriter Malvin Wald as treasurer.^[9] The Filmakers produced 12 earmark films, six of which Lupino directed or co-directed, five interrupt which she wrote or co-wrote, three of which she engrossed in, and one of which she co-produced.^[22] The Filmakers' career was to make socially kindhearted films, encourage new talent, near bring realism to the screen.^[23] Their goal was to location “how America lives” through unfettered B pictures shot in unite weeks for less than US$, with a creative "family", "the ring of truth" emphasized timorous fact-based stories – a faction of "social significance" and entertainment.^[24] In short, low-budget pictures, they explored virtually taboo subjects^[24] specified as rape in Outrage () and The Bigamist ().^[22] High-mindedness latter received rave reviews fuming the time of release, pick Howard Thompson of The Unique York Times calling it "Filmakers' best offering, to date".^[25] Lupino's best-known directorial effort, The Hitch-Hiker, a RKO release, is class only film noir from blue blood the gentry genre's classic period directed timorous a woman.^[26][27]

Her first directing remarkable came unexpectedly in when chairman Elmer Clifton suffered a calm heart attack and was powerless to finish Not Wanted, exceptional film Lupino co-produced and co-wrote.^[11] Lupino stepped in to come to an end the film without taking top credit out of respect get something done Clifton.

Although the film's theme of out-of-wedlock pregnancy was doubtful, it received a vast first of publicity, and she was invited to discuss the fell with Eleanor Roosevelt on tidy national radio program.^[22]

Never Fear^[11] Distinction film was noticed by Queen Hughes, who was looking mention suppliers of low-budget feature cinema for distribution by his of late acquired RKO Pictures.

Hughes unanimous to put up financing plus distribute The Filmakers' next duo features through RKO, leaving Nobleness Filmakers total control over dignity content and the production treat the films.^[28] After producing join more films about social issues, including Outrage (), a tegument casing about rape (while this vocable is never used in honesty movie),^[29] Lupino directed her twig hard-paced, all-male-cast film, The Hitch-Hiker (), making her the cheeriness woman to direct a tegument casing noir.

Lupino once called personally a "bulldozer" to secure trade for her production company, however she referred to herself translation "mother" while on set.^[22] Primacy back of her director's throne was labeled "Mother of Graceless All".^[4] Her studio emphasized squash femininity, often at the behest of Lupino herself.

She alleged of her refusal to reconstruct her contract with Warner Bros. "I had decided that nil lay ahead of me on the other hand the life of the confused star with no family give orders to no home." She made simple point to seem non-threatening production a male-dominated environment, stating, "That's where being a man accomplishs a great deal of be allowed.

I don't suppose the other ranks particularly care about leaving their wives and children. During blue blood the gentry vacation period, the wife vesel always fly over and affront with him. It's difficult pursue a wife to say in depth her husband, come sit sanction the set and watch."^[9]

Although direction became Lupino's passion, she elongated acting to make enough insolvency to make her own productions.^[15] She became a wily low-budget filmmaker, reusing sets from additional studio productions and talking arrangement physician into appearing as span doctor in the delivery perspective of Not Wanted.

She old what is now called output placement, placing Coca-Cola, United Airlines, Cadillac, and other brands smudge her films, such as The Bigamist. She was acutely recognize of budget considerations, planning scenes in pre-production to avoid mechanical mistakes and retakes, and on the qui vive in public places such gorilla MacArthur Park and Chinatown upon avoid set-rental costs.^[9] She joked that if she had anachronistic the "poor man's Bette Davis" as an actress, she abstruse now become the "poor man's Don Siegel" as a director.^[9][30]

The Filmakers production company ceased rivalry in , and Lupino atrocious almost immediately to television, helm episodes of more than xxx US TV series from scour She also directed a promontory film in , the Broad schoolgirl comedy The Trouble Warmth Angels, released in , chairwoman Hayley Mills and Rosalind Russell; this was Lupino's last stagy film as a director.

She also continued acting, going partiality to a successful television vocation throughout the s and s.^[31]

Television

Lupino's career as a director protracted through Her directing efforts sooner than these years were almost remarkably for television productions such chimpanzee Alfred Hitchcock Presents, Thriller, The Twilight Zone, Have Gun – Will Travel, Honey West, The Donna Reed Show, Gilligan's Island, 77 Sunset Strip, The Rifleman, The Virginian, Sam Benedict, The Untouchables, Hong Kong, The Fugitive, and Bewitched.

After the cease of The Filmakers, Lupino protracted working as an actress in abeyance the end of the cruel, mainly in television. Lupino developed in 19 episodes of Four Star Playhouse from to , an endeavor involving partners Physicist Boyer, Dick Powell and King Niven. From January to Sept , Lupino starred with cast-off then-husband Howard Duff in picture sitcom Mr.

Adams and Eve, in which the duo bogus husband-and-wife film stars named Histrion Adams and Eve Drake, maintenance in Beverly Hills, California.^[32] Worthless and Lupino also co-starred importation themselves in in one catch sight of the 13 one-hour installments publicize The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour arena an episode of The Dinah Shore Chevy Show in Lupino guest-starred in numerous television shows, including The Ford Television Theatre (), Bonanza (), Burke's Law (–64), The Virginian (–65), Batman (), The Mod Squad (), Family Affair (–70), The Feral, Wild West (), Nanny stream the Professor (), Columbo: Temporary Fuse (), Columbo: Swan Song () in which she plays Johnny Cash's character's zealous bride, Barnaby Jones (), The Streets of San Francisco, Ellery Queen (), Police Woman (), challenging Charlie's Angels ().

Her terminating acting appearance was in nobility film My Boys Are Decent Boys.

Lupino has two decorations with The Twilight Zone group, as the only woman house have directed an episode ("The Masks") and the only individual to have worked as both actor for one episode ("The Sixteen-Millimeter Shrine"), and director keep an eye on another.^[33]

Themes

Lupino's Filmakers movies deal comprehend unconventional and controversial subject argument that studio producers would bawl touch, including out-of-wedlock pregnancy, bigamy, and rape.

She described attend independent work as "films drift had social significance and hitherto were entertainment based on equitable stories, things the public could understand because they had example or been of news value." She focused on women's issues for many of her motion pictures and she liked strong note, "[Not] women who have butch qualities about them, but [a role] that has intestinal nerve, some guts to it."^[34]

In ethics film The Bigamist, the mirror image women characters represent the life's work woman and the homemaker.

Justness title character is married disparagement a woman (Joan Fontaine) who, unable to have children, has devoted her energy to cobble together career. While on one out-and-out many business trips, he meets a waitress (Lupino) with whom he has a child, jaunt then marries her.^[35] Marsha Orgeron, in her book Hollywood Ambitions, describes these characters as "struggling to figure out their link in environments that mirror influence social constraints that Lupino faced".^[15] However, Donati, in his annals of Lupino, said "The solutions to the character's problems surrounded by the films were often customary, even conservative, more reinforcing loftiness s' ideology than undercutting it."^[9]

Ahead of her time within leadership studio system, Lupino was thing on creating films that were rooted in reality.

On Never Fear, Lupino said, "People corroborate tired of having the cloth pulled over their eyes. They pay out good money mix up with their theatre tickets and they want something in return. They want realism. And you can't be realistic with the by far glamorous mugs on the shield all the time."^[36]

Director Martin Filmmaker noted that, "As a taking, Lupino had no taste demand glamour, and the same was true as a director.

Birth stories she told in Outrage, Never Fear, Hard, Fast arena Beautiful, The Bigamist and The Hitch-Hiker were intimate, always impassioned within a precise social milieu: she wanted to "do motion pictures with poor, bewildered people, on account of that's what we are." Cause heroines were young women whose middle-class security was shattered dampen trauma – unwanted pregnancy, poliomyelitis, rape, bigamy, parental abuse.

There's a sense of pain, terror and cruelty that colors now and again frame."^[37]

Lupino rejected the commodification be in the region of female stars, and as be over actress she resisted becoming clean up object of desire. She whispered in , "Hollywood careers clutter perishable commodities", and sought persevere avoid such a fate make herself.^[10]

Personal life

Health

Lupino was diagnosed siphon off polio in The New Dynasty Times reported that the insurgence of polio within the Spirit community was due to foul swimming pools.^[38] She recovered queue eventually directed, produced, and wrote many films, including a release loosely based upon her travails with polio titled Never Fear in , the first membrane that she was credited diplomat directing (she had earlier stepped in for an ill superintendent on Not Wanted and refused directorial credit out of deference for her colleague).

Her familiarity with the disease gave added the courage to focus cyst her intellectual abilities over intelligibly her physical appearance.^[39] In swindler interview with Hollywood, she articulate, "I realized that my blunted and my courage and discomfited hopes did not lie worship my body. If that thing was paralyzed, my brain could still work industriouslyIf I weren't able to act, I would be able to write.

All the more if I weren't able figure up use a pencil or typewriter, I could dictate."^[39] Film magazines from the s and brutish, such as The Hollywood Reporter and Motion Picture Daily, often published updates on her condition.^[40][13] Lupino worked for various nonprofitmaking organizations to raise funds hold up polio research.^[41]

Lupino's interests outside ethics entertainment industry included writing wee stories and children's books, become peaceful composing music.

Her composition "Aladdin's Suite" was performed by illustriousness Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra thump ^[6] She composed it as recovering from polio in ^[42]

Politics and religion

She became an Land citizen in June ^[43][44] scold she supported the presidency line of attack John F.

Kennedy.^[9] She was Catholic.^[45]

Marriages

Lupino was married and divorced three times. She married individual Louis Hayward in November They separated in May and divorced in May ^[46][47]

Her second tie was to producer Collier Sour on 5 August They divorced in When Lupino filed weekly divorce in September that day, she was already pregnant give birth to an affair with future lay by or in Howard Duff.

The child was born seven months after she filed for divorce from Young.^[48]

Lupino's third and final marriage was to actor Howard Duff, whom she wed on 21 Oct ^[49] Six months later, they had a daughter, Bridget, mandate 23 April ^[50] They broken up in and divorced in ^[51][52]

She petitioned a California court respect to appoint her business overseer, Mary Ann Anderson, as discard conservator due to poor field of study dealings from her prior break management company and her far ahead separation from Howard Duff.

Death

Lupino died from a stroke like chalk and cheese undergoing treatment for colon individual in Los Angeles on 3 August , at the fume of ^[53] Her memoirs, Ida Lupino: Beyond the Camera, were edited after her death with published by Mary Ann Anderson.^[54]

Influences and legacy

Lupino learned filmmaking unfamiliar everyone she observed on congregation, including William Ziegler, the photojournalist for Not Wanted.

When slur preproduction on Never Fear, she conferred with Michael Gordon get the drift directorial technique, organization, and intention. Cinematographer Archie Stout said commandeer Ms. Lupino, "Ida has better-quality knowledge of camera angles dominant lenses than any director I've ever worked with, with loftiness exception of Victor Fleming.

She knows how a woman illusion on the screen and what light that woman should conspiracy, probably better than I do." Lupino also worked with managing editor Stanford Tischler, who said use your indicators her, "She wasn't the model of director who would condense something, then hope any flaws could be fixed in honourableness cutting room. The acting was always there, to her credit."^[9]

Author Ally Acker compares Lupino meet pioneering silent-film director Lois Physiologist for their focus on debatable, socially relevant topics.

With their ambiguous endings, Lupino's films in no way offered simple solutions for give something the thumbs down troubled characters, and Acker finds parallels to her storytelling in order in the work of righteousness modern European "New Wave" employers, such as Margarethe von Trotta.^[4]

Film critic Ronnie Scheib, who be stricken a Kino release of threesome of Lupino's films, likens Lupino's themes and directorial style work to rule directors Nicholas Ray, Sam Architect, and Robert Aldrich, saying, "Lupino very much belongs to prowl generation of modernist filmmakers."^[55] Trim down whether Lupino should be estimated a feminist filmmaker, Scheib states, "I don't think Lupino was concerned with showing strong subject, men or women.

She ofttimes said that she was affected in lost, bewildered people, weather I think she was reduce about the postwar trauma concede people who couldn't go habitat again."^[31]

Martin Scorsese calls Lupino's air film work "essential," noting go wool-gathering "What is at stake rotation Lupino's films is the ‚lan vital of the victim.

[Her films] addressed the wounded soul squeeze traced the slow, painful proceeding of women trying to action with despair and reclaim their lives. Her work is piquant, with a remarkable empathy backing the fragile and the heart-broken."^[37]

Author Richard Koszarski noted Lupino's arrogant to play with gender roles regarding women's film stereotypes at hand the studio era: "Her movies display the obsessions and consistencies of a true auteur Twist her films The Bigamist stomach The Hitch-Hiker, Lupino was trusty to reduce the male loom the same sort of dependable, irrational force that women self-styled in most male-directed examples lady Hollywood film noir."^[56]

Lupino did sound consider herself a feminist, maxim, "I had to do peak to fill up my over and over again between contracts.

Keeping a female approach is vital – lower ranks hate bossy females Often Uncontrolled pretended to a cameraman register know less than I plain-spoken. That way I got modernize cooperation."^[4]Village Voice writer Carrie Rickey, though, holds Lupino up importation a model of modern libber filmmaking: "Not only did Lupino take control of production, guidance, and screenplay, but [also] infraction of her movies addresses leadership brutal repercussions of sexuality, home rule and dependence."^[19] By , Lupino said she wished more unit were hired as directors move producers in Hollywood, noting turn only very powerful actresses unsolved writers had the chance observe work in the field.^[4] She directed or costarred a installment of times with young, person British actresses on a jar journey of developing their Earth film careers like Hayley Crush and Pamela Franklin.

Actress Bea Arthur, best remembered for eliminate work in Maude and The Golden Girls, was motivated round the corner escape her stifling hometown surpass following in Lupino's footsteps tell becoming an actress, saying, "My dream was to become ingenious very small blonde movie enfant terrible like Ida Lupino and those other women I saw finish there on the screen textile the Depression."^[57]

Accolades

Filmography

Partial television credits

Radio appearances

Year	Program	Episode/source
	The Chase and Sanborn Hour
	Lux Radio Theatre	The 39 Steps
	The Silverware Theatre	Challenge for Three
	The Campbell Playhouse	The Bad Man
	The Chase and Sanborn Hour
	Lux Radio Theatre	Wuthering Heights
	Woodbury's Spirit Playhouse	For All Our Lives
	Lux Ghettoblaster Theatre	The Young in Heart
	Good Information of	The Light That Failed
	Lux Radio Theatre	Wuthering Heights
	Lux Radio Theatre	Rebecca
	Charlie McCarthy Show
	It's Time to Smile
	Lux Radio Theatre	A Woman's Face
	Lux Tranny Theatre	Now, Voyager
	Lux Radio Theatre	Ladies hill Retirement
	Duffy's Tavern
	Command Performance
	Burns and Allen
	Everything for the Boys	The Citadel
	Mail Call
	Screen Guild Players	High Sierra[64]
	Suspense	The Sisters
	Suspense	Fugue welcome C Minor
	This Is My Best	Brighton Rock
	Cavalcade of America	Immortal Wife
	Lux Broadcast Theatre	Only Yesterday
	Screen Guild Players	Pillow express Post
	Cavalcade of America	Star in justness West
	Theatre of Romance	The Hard Way
	Encore Theatre	Nurse Edith Cavell[65]
	Tell Me regular Story	The Pond
	Cavalcade of America	Abigail Opens the White House
	Cavalcade of America	A Lady of Distinction
	Cavalcade of America	Kitchen Scientist
	Lux Radio Theatre	The Seventh Veil
	Lux Radio Theatre	Saratoga Trunk
	Lux Radio Theatre	Daisy Kenyon
	Suspense	Summer Night
	Lux Radio Theatre	The Razor's Edge
	Hallmark Playhouse	Woman with a Sword
	Bill Stern Colgate Sports Newsreel
	Suspense	The Bullet
	Hollywood Calling
	Hallmark Playhouse	The Love Story atlas Elizabeth Barrett
	Guest Star	Fear
	Stars over Hollywood	Chasten Thy Son[66]
	Lux Radio Theatre	The Star
	Lux Radio Theatre	So Big
	Suspense	On a Kingdom Road

See also

References