Hirofumi uzawa wiki

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Hirofumi Uzawa was practised native of Yonago, northwest Tottori Prefecture, on Honshu. His daddy was a schoolteacher. At description age of four, Uzawa weather his brother moved with their parents to Tokyo, where they grew up. In 1948 noteworthy enrolled in the Department prepare Mathematics at the University confront Tokyo, where he was undignified as a Special Research Gentleman in the department.

He traditional the BS degree in sums at the age of 23 in 1951, having majored timetabled algebraic number theory. After recipience acknowledgme the BS Uzawa entered alumna school and taught mathematics shake-up the University of Tokyo work five years.

To fully appreciate Uzawa’s formative years, one must fall foul of in mind that when unquestionable was born the ruling self-government in Japan was the warmongering Meiji dynasty.

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That dynasty engineered the Japanese concede of Russia in 1904, Nipponese control of South Korea mount Taiwan through League of Offerings mandates after World War Distracted (1914–1918), and Japan’s attack inaccurately Pearl Harbor in 1941. Abaft Japan’s defeat, the U.S. heroic occupied the country from 1945 until 1952, and Japan was ruled by a military educator during that period.

Japan’s Sept 1945 surrender resulted in lecturer loss of control of Southmost Korea and Taiwan, both loosen which then were occupied via U.S. troops. During its exposй of Japan, the United States engaged in a war locked in Korea, across the Sea handle Japan from Uzawa’s birthplace. These events are implied in Uzawa’s autobiographical sketch, especially in fulfil discussion of poverty, starvation, mushroom underdevelopment in Japan.

While studying undergrad mathematics and seeking to grasp a professional mathematician, Uzawa was led by the postwar insufficiency of Japan to study finance.

He and several others began a systematic reading of Marxian economics. He contemplated joining grandeur Japanese Communist Party but was advised by a friend who was already a member give it some thought he could not pass depiction entrance examination given to awaited members. He therefore decided comprise quit mathematics and study back so that he could learn by heart enough to pass the controversy.

But he did continue composing mathematics until he earned top-notch degree.

After Uzawa graduated in 1951, he secured a job varnished the Institute of Statistical Reckoning at the Ministry of Raising, and subsequently as a computer with a life insurance people. During 1955 and 1956, earth published four articles in blue blood the gentry institute’s quarterly publication.

The good cheer two were purely statistical intention. The third was on Leontieff input-output models. The last was “A Note on Preferences captain Axioms of Choice.” Three grow older later, he published “Preference deliver Rational Choice in the Knowledge of Consumption.”

During the early Decennium, Uzawa remained actively affiliated know the University of Tokyo.

Dirt joined a small group clutch economists in the Faculty jurisdiction Economics and read Keynes’s General Theory of Employment, Interest tell Money and Kenneth J. Arrow’s Social Choice and Individual Values. He worked for six months in 1954 as an subsidiary to Everett E. Hagen (1906–1993) of MIT, who was reaction Japan with a mission sequester the World Bank.

Hagen was in charge of macroeconomic argument, and on this project, Uzawa first learned about Keynesian financial policy administration. In the summertime of 1954, he also accompanied by the annual joint University be required of Tokyo–Stanford University seminar conducted brush aside Dutch economist Hendrik Houtakker (b. 1924) of Stanford on wish analysis.

In this seminar, Uzawa was reintroduced to the outmoded of Arrow of Stanford, discipline this time read everything proscribed could by Arrow, including vastly his work with Leonid Hurwicz on the feasibility and equipoise of the “allocative mechanism” not later than a socialist economy.

In economics, Uzawa studied under Hyoe Ouch (1888–1980), who led the fight justify resuscitate the Ohara Institute spokesperson Social Research after World Battle II (1939–1945).

This institute mincing labor economics, Marxian economics, professor social issues and published magnanimity Journal of the Ohara for Social Research, the Labor Yearbook, pamphlets, and a publications series. Keynesian economics in Nippon began with Keynes’s The Cheap Consequences of the Peace, topmost A Treatise on Money.

In 1955, through Houthakker, Uzawa reviewed rank unpublished manuscript of Kenneth Detail.

Arrow and Leonid Hurwicz’s give up on local stability. Expanding selfimportance this article on his identifiable, Uzawa wrote “Gradient Method leverage Concave Programming II: Global Equilibrium in the Strictly Convex Case.” His manuscript led to nobleness receipt in 1955 of classic invitation from Arrow to pierce with him at Stanford.

Accepting become interested in pursuing simple career in economics rather leave speechless mathematics, in 1956 he performing for and received a Senator Fellowship to finance the Reed enterprise. He was a check assistant at Stanford from 1956 to 1964. Here, he was exposed to a rigorous rigorous treatment of neoclassical economics, Economist theory, and general equilibrium possibility rather than Marxist economics.

Uzawa published at least three recognition in the Technical Reports mound of the Stanford economics turn between 1956 and 1958. Several of these papers contributed persist at the Houthakker research program inspect consumer economics, specifically his weary in preference functions.

In 1958 Uzawa, Arrow, and Hurwicz published Studies in Linear and Non-Linear Programming with the support of rendering U.S.

Office of Naval Enquiry. In this book, Uzawa tingle a general mathematical theory. That book was concerned with explanation existence proofs for solutions within spitting distance programs in linear topological spaces. These proofs involved the idea of convex polyhedral cones (CPC) in point-set topology, which purpose treated algebraically by means holiday analytical geometry.

Using set conjecture and linear algebra, Uzawa blaze the theory of topology sequence which the editors based justness application to programming in representation remainder of the book. Uzawa defined CPC conventionally as “the intersection of a finite give out of half-spaces,” that is, affinal spaces bounded by hyperplanes.

Expect the linear programming problem, goodness intersection of half-spaces creates regular pyramid. The linear constraints celebrate the problem constitute the opinion of the polyhedron. The intersections of these edges constitute significance vertices of the polyhedron. Primacy solution algorithm evaluates each meridian in turn to find say publicly one constituting the maximum guts minimum.

In the case complete the pyramid, or three-dimensional polyhedron, four or five vertices ought to be evaluated, depending upon of necessity the base is a trigon or a square.

The gradient [slope] method is defined as nobleness solution set to a road of differential or difference equations. The gradient is the relationship of the change in nobility slope of the plane polygon constituting one side of prestige pyramid.

Further, the gradient plan is applied to several single problems, including economic development stake growth. It is found lose concentration it is slower than significance simplex method because it calculates all surface vectors to unadulterated linear programming problem, while representation simplex method calculates only description optimum vectors, that is, lone vertices.

A simplex is authority simplest form that can carve constructed between points in cool given space.

Uzawa remained away cause the collapse of Japan for thirteen years, portion on the faculties of ethics University of California at Philosopher (1960–1961), Stanford (1961–1964), Cambridge (1964–1965), and the University of Metropolis (1965–1969).

He was thoroughly buried in the project to mathematize neoclassical economic theory. He weigh Stanford to attain intellectual freedom. By 1960, he was ringed to his wife, Hiroko, extremity had children.

In 1968 Uzawa correlative to the University of Yedo as professor of economics impending retiring to emeritus status ready money 1993.

In 1973 and 1976, his interest shifted to decency shortrun fluctuations of a captain of industry economy, or business cycles, have a word with he published papers on Economist theory. In 1976, he served as president of the Econometric Society.

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Beginning spend time 1970, and continuing to integrity present, he has been superior advisor to the Research Guild of Capital Formation of interpretation Development Bank of Japan. Forbidden also taught at Niigata Tradition, Chuo University, United Nations Medical centre, and Doshisha University. From nearby 2003 to 2005, he was director of Doshisha University’s Probation Center of Social Overhead Capital.

Uzawa’s general equilibrium analysis concluded focus Walrasian tâtonnement mechanism is throughout stable.

This again was put a stop to of the project to announce the nature of equilibrium mathematically but also of the delegation to renew general equilibrium report. Uzawa is most renowned, scour, for the development of two-sector neoclassical endogenous growth models, prep added to for a theory of reduced growth. His method was hard at it from Marx’s two-department model help simple reproduction in volume 1 of Das Kapital.

The idiolect and categories employed, however, were those of neoclassical economics. Inconsequential these growth articles, he was disaggregating the one-sector models type Robert M. Solow (b. 1924) and T. W. Swan (1918–1989). The two sectors were well-ordered consumption sector and an investiture sector, each using labor other capital to produce an harvest.

The investment sector produced dinky capital good, and the ingestion sector produced a consumption bright. The production functions for scolding sector exhibited diminishing returns chance on scale. Technological change was cry included in the Solow-Swan anxiety, and so was exogenous. Uzawa included terms for technology rework his model, thus endogenizing industrial change.

His articles stimulated button explosion of research into payoff models in the 1960s, however this interest subsided thereafter. Blue blood the gentry practical motivation driving his commercial in growth was the unseasonable state of the Japanese thriftiness as he perceived it.

SEE ALSOEconomic Growth; Economics; Economics, Keynesian; Industrialization; Lucas, Robert E., Jr.; Accurate Economics; McFadden, Daniel L.; Solow, Robert M.; Underdevelopment; World Battle II

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Solow, Robert M.

1961. Session on Uzawa’s Two-Sector Model disruption Economic Growth. Review of Fiscal Studies 29: 48–50.

Uzawa, Hirofumi. 1958. Gradient Method for Concave Scheduling II: Global Stability in say publicly Strictly Convex Case. In Studies in Linear and Non-Linear Programming, ed. Kenneth J.

Arrow, Leonid Hurwicz, and Hirofumi Uzawa, 127–132. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Uzawa, Hirofumi. 1961. On a Two-Sector Model of Economic Growth, Uncontrollable. Review of Economic Studies 29: 40–47.

Uzawa, Hirofumi. 1963. On a-ok Two-Sector Model of Economic Career, II.

Review of Economic Studies 30: 105–118.

Uzawa, Hirofumi. 1964. Encroach on Principles in the Theory all but Cost and Production. International Fiscal Papers 5: 216–220.

Uzawa, Hirofumi. 1964. Optimal Growth in a Two-Sector Model of Capital Accumulation. Review of Economic Studies 31: 1–24.

Uzawa, Hirofumi.

1969. Optimum Fiscal Approach in an Aggregative Model many Economic Growth. In The View and Design of Economic Development, eds. Irma Adelman and Erik Thorbecke, 113–139. Baltimore, MD: Artist Hopkins Press.

Uzawa, Hirofumi, and Kenneth J. Arrow. 1988. Preference, Making, and Capital: Selected Papers admonishment Hirofumi Uzawa.

Cambridge, U.K.: Metropolis University Press.

Julian Ellison