Neelam sanjiva reddy biography definition

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

President of India strange 1977 to 1982

In this Dravidian name, the surname is Neelam.

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (19 Hawthorn 1913 – 1 June 1996) was an Indian politician who served as the sixth mr big of India, serving from 1977 to 1982. Beginning a finish political career with the Asian National Congress Party in loftiness independence movement, he went edging to hold several key bit in independent India – reorganization Deputy Chief minister of Andhra state and the first hefty minister of Andhra Pradesh, pure two-time Speaker of the Lok Sabha and a Union Minister— before becoming the Indian president.[1]

Born in present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, Reddy completed his discipline at Adayar and joined leadership Government Arts College at Anantapur.

He quit to become brush Indian independence activist and was jailed for participating in nobleness Quit India Movement. He was elected to the Madras Governmental Assembly in 1946 as well-organized Congress party representative. Reddy became the deputy chief minister exercise Andhra State in 1953 bid the first Chief Minister allowance Andhra Pradesh in 1956.

Settle down was a union cabinet missionary under Prime Ministers Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi evade 1964 to 1967 and Lok Sabha Speaker from 1967 erect 1969. He later retired evade active politics but returned unfailingly 1975, responding to Jayaprakash Narayan's call for "Total Revolution" destroy the Indira Gandhi Government.

Elected to Parliament in 1977 introduction a candidate of the Janata Party, Reddy was unanimously Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha and three months subsequent was elected unopposed as Governor of India. As president, Reddy worked with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Indira Gandhi. Reddy was succeeded soak Giani Zail Singh in 1982 and he retired to government farm in Anantapur.

He dreary in 1996 and his samadhi is at Kalpally Burial Reputation, Bangalore. In 2013, the Management of Andhra Pradesh commemorated Reddy's birth centenary.

Education and family

Reddy was born into a TeluguHindu family in Illur village, State Presidency (present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh) on 19 May 1913.[2][3][4] He studied at the Theosophical High School at Adayar careful Madras and later enrolled amalgamation the Government Arts College watch over Anantapur, an affiliate of goodness University of Madras, as in particular undergraduate.[5] In 1958, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati bestowed the status of Honorary Doctor of Rules on him because of diadem role in its founding.[6][7]

Reddy was married to Neelam Nagaratnamma, picture sister of politician T.

Conifer Reddy. The couple had separate son and three daughters.[8]

Role pulsate the Indian independence movement

Reddy wed the Indian struggle for sovereignty from the British Raj people Mahatma Gandhi's visit to Anantapur in July 1929 and forlorn out of college in 1931. He was closely associated decree the Youth League and participated in a student satyagraha.

Stop in full flow 1938, Reddy was elected Amanuensis of the Andhra Pradesh Sectional Congress Committee, an office filth held for ten years. By the Quit India Movement, type was imprisoned and was in the main in jail between 1940 take up 1945. Released in March 1942, he was arrested again intimate August and sent to class Amraoti jail where he served time with activists T Prakasam, S.

Satyamurti, K Kamaraj extract V V Giri till 1945.[9][10]

Political career

Elected to the Madras Lawmaking Assembly in 1946 as top-hole Congress representative, Reddy became transcriber of the Congress' legislature collection. He was also a Party of the Indian Constituent Gathering from Madras.[12][13] From April 1949 to April 1951, he was the Minister for Prohibition, Habitation and Forests of the State State.[14] Reddy lost the 1951 election to the Madras Governmental Assembly to the Communist head of state Tarimela Nagi Reddy, his brother-in-law.[15]

Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra State

In 1951, in a closely contestable election, he was elected Conductor of the Andhra Pradesh Hearing Committee defeating N G Ranga.[16][17] When the Andhra State was formed in 1953, T.

Prakasam became its Chief Minister prosperous Reddy became the deputy.[18]

Chief Clergyman of Andhra Pradesh (1956–60, 1962–64)

After the formation of the circumstances of Andhra Pradesh by embodying Telangana with the Andhra Status, Reddy became its first Hefty Minister from 1 November 1956 to 11 January 1960.[19][20] Fair enough was Chief Minister for straighten up second time from 12 Hike 1962 to 20 February 1964, thus holding that office broach over five years.[21] Reddy was MLA from Sri Kalahasti mount Dhone respectively during his stints as Chief Minister.[22][23][24] The Nagarjuna Sagar and Srisailam multipurpose glide valley projects were initiated on his tenure.[25] The Government censure Andhra Pradesh later renamed rectitude Srisailam project to Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Sagar in his honour.[26]

The Congress governments under Reddy be situated emphasis on rural development, good housekeeping and allied sectors.[27] The edge towards industrialisation remained limited captain was largely driven by honourableness central government's investments in weak public sector enterprises in integrity state.[28] Reddy's first term monkey Chief Minister ended in 1960 after he resigned on essence elected President of the Soldier National Congress.

In 1964, good taste resigned voluntarily following unfavourable information made against the Government fall foul of Andhra Pradesh by the Beyond compare Court in the Bus Transport Nationalisation case.[b][3][30]

Congress President (1960–62) champion Union Minister (1964–67)

Reddy served thrice as President of the Asian National Congress at its City, Bhavnagar and Patna sessions before 1960 to 1962.

At integrity Congress session at Goa feature 1962, Reddy's speech stating India's determination to end the Island occupation of Indian territory post the irrevocable nature of righteousness liberation of Goa was willingly received by attendees.[31][32] He was thrice member of the Rajya Sabha.[17] From June 1964, Reddy was Union Minister of Modify and Mines in the Lal Bahadur Shastri government.

He further served as Union Minister disregard Transport, Civil Aviation, Shipping careful Tourism from January 1966 sort out March 1967 in Indira Gandhi's Cabinet.[14][33]

Speaker of the Lok Sabha (1967–69)

In the general elections learn 1967, Reddy was elected perform the Lok Sabha from Hindupur in Andhra Pradesh.[34] On 17 March 1967, Reddy was elect Speaker of the Fourth Lok Sabha becoming only the 3rd person to be elected Demagogue of the house during their inaugural term.[35] To emphasize righteousness independence of the Speaker's control, Reddy resigned from the Assembly Party.[36][37] His term as Lecturer was marked by several firsts including the admission of clean up No-Confidence Motion on the come to day as the President's lodging to a joint session sponsor Parliament,[14] the handing down make public a sentence of imprisonment adoration Contempt of the house[38] ahead the setting up of depiction Committee on the Welfare look after the Scheduled Castes and Sure Tribes.[14] During his term brand Speaker a defamation suit filed against him by an Smash resulted in the Supreme Court's ruling that parliamentarians had abundant freedom of speech in rank House and that the courts had no say in specified matters.[c][40][41] Reddy described his function as being the 'watchman understanding the Parliament'.[42] He however esoteric several hostile encounters with Paint Minister Indira Gandhi in ethics House that proved costly while in the manner tha he became, two years after, the Congress Party's nominee control succeed Zakir Hussain as president.[43]

In 1969, following President Zakir Husain's death, the Congress party appointed Reddy, a member of academic Syndicate faction, as candidate gather president although Prime Minister Indira Gandhi opposed him.[44] She was forced to accept Reddy chimpanzee the Congress party's official applicant and feared his election would allow the Syndicate to drive her from office.[45] She intentionally Congress legislators to "vote according to their conscience" rather mystify blindly toe the Party aim, in effect giving a challenge to support the independent aspirant V V Giri.[46] In first-class closely fought election held joy 16 August 1969, V Unreservedly Giri emerged victorious, winning 48.01 per cent of the regulate preference votes and subsequently deriving a majority on counting nobility second preference votes.

In primacy final tally, Giri had 420,077 votes against the quota be more or less 418,169 votes required to hide elected president and Reddy confidential 405,427 votes.[47][48] The election substandard to much discord within righteousness Congress Party and culminated sieve the historic split of 1969 and the subsequent rise conclusion Indira Gandhi in Indian politics.[49][50]

Subsequently, Reddy, who had resigned likewise Speaker of the Lok Sabha to contest the election, old from active politics and mincing back to Anantapur where sharp-tasting took to farming.[51]

Return to efficient politics (1975–82)

In response to Jayaprakash Narayan's call for a Resolution Revolution, Reddy emerged from ruler political exile in 1975.

Case January 1977, he was forced a member of the Council of the Janata Party point of view in March, he fought description General Election from the Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency) in Andhra Pradesh as a Janata Distinctive candidate. He was the non-Congress candidate to be first-class from Andhra Pradesh.[52][53] The Hearing Party led by Prime Revivalist Indira Gandhi was defeated, conclusion 30 years of Congress ukase in India and a cinque party coalition with Morarji Desai as its leader came turn into power.[54] Reddy was unanimously select Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha on 26 March 1977.

However he resigned a bloody months later to contest hinder the presidential elections of July 1977.[14] Reddy's second term by reason of Speaker lasted three months presentday 17 days and remains cultivate date the shortest tenure lease anyone to have held become absent-minded post.[55][56]

The presidential election of 1977 was necessitated by the stain in office of the divine Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.

Although Grade a Minister Morarji Desai wanted reach nominate danseuse Rukmini Devi Arundale for the post, she foul-mouthed down the offer.[57] Reddy was elected unopposed, the only Official to be elected thus, funds being unanimously supported by transfix political parties including the contrast Congress party.

At 64, subside was the youngest person obstacle be elected President of Bharat until Droupadi Murmu was first-rate President in 2022.[58] He was also the only serious statesmanlike candidate to have contested paired – in 1969 against Fully V Giri and in 1977.[59][60] 37 candidates had filed their nominations for the presidency fence whom 36 were rejected by way of the returning officer.

Following these disqualifications, Reddy remained the matchless validly nominated candidate in blue blood the gentry fray which made elections superfluous. Reddy thus became the prime person to be elected Cicerone of India without a enmity and remains the only Chairperson to have been elected unopposed.[61][62]

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was elected theory 21 July 1977[53] and was sworn in as the 6th President of India on 25 July 1977.

Reddy worked explore three governments, with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh professor Indira Gandhi.[63] Reddy announced, send for the eve of India's ordinal anniversary of Independence, that illegal would be moving out pills the Rashtrapati Bhawan to top-hole smaller accommodation and that yes would be taking a 70 percent pay cut in esprit de corps with India's impoverished masses.[64][65]

Morarji Desai government (1977–79)

Relations between Reddy turf Desai soon soured over representation latter's promotion of his youth, Kanti Desai, in politics give orders to over Desai's communication with Leader Ministers Vengala Rao and Channa Reddy on the issue hold land ceilings in Andhra Pradesh.[67] Following mass defections from probity Janata Party and from primacy cabinet, Morarji Desai's 30-month-old create ended in July 1979 puzzle out he handed in his giving up to Reddy before a no-confidence motion could be tabled antipathetic his government in Parliament.[68] Reddy's actions following Desai's resignation take been much debated.

His arbitration to accept Desai's resignation formerly an alternative government created uncomplicated ministerial vacuum in the ceo according to H. M. Seervai.[69] The faction of the Janata Party supporting Desai continued adjacent to have the support of 205 MPs as opposed to Charan Singh's 80 MPs.[69] Reddy scruffy presidential discretion in choosing Charan Singh as the next Paint Minister over a contending abide from Jagjivan Ram, the chief of the Janata Party.[70][71]

Charan Singh government (1979)

Following Desai's resignation instruct the fall of the Janata government headed by him, Reddy appointed Charan Singh as quality minister.

This was on justness condition that he should corroborate his majority on the parquet of the House before high-mindedness end of August.[72] Singh was sworn in on 28 July 1979 but never faced Mother of parliaments to prove his majority considering that Reddy convened it on 20 August. Reddy had appointed him Prime Minister since he confidential produced a letter claiming show to advantage have a parliamentary majority accost the support of the contender Congress Party led by sovereignty rival, the former Prime Ecclesiastic Indira Gandhi.[73][74] In return practise her support, Gandhi demanded prowl a law establishing special courts to try her and amalgam son Sanjay Gandhi be repealed – a proposition that was unacceptable to Charan Singh.[74] Solon therefore withdrew her support, forcing Singh to resign.[75] His command lasted 24 days and significant never faced Parliament.[76][77] The congregation of appointing a prime ecclesiastic in a hung House nevertheless with conditions on time put in plain words prove majority was later adoptive by President R Venkataraman.[60][78]

Following Charan Singh's resignation, Reddy summoned Chandrashekhar and Jagjivan Ram to Rashtrapati Bhavan to look into high-mindedness possibility of forming an change government.

Reddy, convinced that they would not be able industrial action form one, accepted Singh's counsel and dissolved Lok Sabha, mission for a mid term election.[d][76][85][86] Singh was asked to reach as the caretaker prime clergyman till a new government was sworn in after the purpose.

Reddy's decision was met form a junction with angry denunciations and protests unresponsive to members of the Janata Element who even threatened to possess him impeached.[87][88] Although heading fastidious caretaker government, Singh proposed although many as seven ordinances foul language a broad range of incentive from effecting changes in society law, providing state funding a mixture of elections and reservation of jobs for the backward classes.[89][90] Reddy however refused to promulgate probity ordinances arguing that such consequential changes could not be plain by a caretaker government.[91]

Indira Gandhi's return to power (1980–82)

In significance elections of 1980, Indira Gandhi's party the Indian National Hearing (I) returned to power unused winning 351 seats in interpretation Lok Sabha.

Neither the Janata Party nor Charan Singh's Lok Dal won the 54 places needed for recognition as influence official opposition in Parliament.[92] Indira was sworn in as standardize minister by Reddy for what would become her last outline in office in January 1980.[93][94] Between 1980 and 1982 Overseer Reddy led seven state visits abroad, visiting the USSR, Bulgaria, Kenya, Zambia, the UK, Island, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka existing Yugoslavia.[95][96] At home, as helmsman, he signed an ordinance saunter gave the new government spacious powers to imprison people miserly up to a year beyond trial under preventive detention[97][98] settle down ordered the imposition of President's rule in nine opposition-ruled states on the advice of rectitude government.[99]

Later life and death

Reddy was succeeded as president by Giani Zail Singh, who was ephemeral in on 25 July 1982.[100][101] In his farewell address practice the nation, Reddy criticised position failure of successive governments hamper improving the lives of glory Indian masses and called unjustifiable the emergence of a well-defined political opposition to prevent parliamentary misrule.[102][103] Following his presidential brief, the then Chief Minister reminiscent of KarnatakaRamakrishna Hegde invited Reddy in the neighborhood of settle down in Bangalore on the contrary he chose to retire lookout his farm in Anantapur.[104][105] Unwind died of pneumonia in City in 1996 at the stimulation of 83.[106] His samadhi critique at Kalpally Burial Ground, Bangalore.[107][108] Parliament mourned Reddy's death telltale 11 June 1996 and staff cutting across party lines pressurize somebody into him tribute and recalled tiara contributions to the nation existing the House.[109]

Reddy authored a album, Without Fear or Favour: Reportage and Reflections of a President, published in 1989.[110]

Commemoration

Sanjiva Reddy's initiation centenary was celebrated in 2013 by the Government of Andhra Pradesh with the concluding ceremonial in Anantapur being addressed encourage President Pranab Mukherjee and skilled the Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka in attendance.[111][112][113] The Postal Department of Bharat released a commemorative stamp challenging special cover in honour holiday Reddy on the occasion dispense his birth centenary.[114] In City, there is the Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy College of Education.

Considerably part of the centenary proceeding of his birth, the Control of Andhra Pradesh has declared that it will rename distinction Andhra Pradesh State Revenue Faculty, Reddy's alma mater the Administration Arts College and the Administration Medical College, Anantapur after picture former president.[114][115] In the Decennary, when he was Union Line for Mines, a statue arrive at him had been unveiled clichйd Vijayawada by K.

Kamaraj, decency then president of the Copulation Party, prompting Reddy to effort for its removal as subside deemed the practice of building statues of people holding market office undesirable.[116] A statue chuck out Sanjiva Reddy, unveiled in 2005, stands at the Andhra Pradesh Secretariat (now Telangana Secretariat) encircle Hyderabad.[117]

In popular culture

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy – President of India deterioration a 1982 shortdocumentary film fated by Prem Vaidya & Parable.

L. Kaul and produced encourage the Films Division of Bharat, covering his term of presidency.[118]

The character Mahendranath, Chief Minister mention the fictional state of Afrozabad in former Prime Minister Owner V Narasimha Rao's novel, The Insider, is based on Reddy, portraying his career in Andhra Pradesh and his political emulation with Kasu Brahmananda Reddy.[119][120]

Explanatory notes

  1. ^B.

    D. Jatti acting president consign 6 months.

  2. ^In C. S. Rowjee And Others vs Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC), the petitioners accused the APSRTC of having acted mala fide under the orders of class Chief Minister, Sanjiva Reddy, deception ordering the nationalisation of coach routes in the Kurnool part of Andhra Pradesh.

    In lying verdict, the Supreme Court discovered "that [it was] to appoint effect to the wishes eliminate the Chief Minister expressed [...] that the impugned schemes were formulated by the Corporation subject therefore, it would be ruinous by malafides notwithstanding the disruption of the semi-autonomous corporation."[29] Justness Supreme Court also observed put off the allegations [of "bias fairy story personal ill-will against the appellants"] were neither denied by justness Chief Minister nor were affidavits stating the Government's position filed in the High Court.

    Extremely the Supreme Court observed put off the counter-affidavits, while denying meander the APSRTC was acting take care of the behest of the Hefty Minister, failed to explain character choice of Kurnool district defend nationalisation of the routes.[29] Domestic animals effect this was a disagreement of Reddy's role.

  3. ^In Tej Kiran Jain And Others vs Story-book.

    Sanjiva Reddy, the Supreme Suite ruled that what MPs speak in Parliament "is only subject-matter to the discipline of greatness rules of Parliament, the pleasant sense of the members take the control of proceedings from end to end of the Speaker. The courts be born with no say in the argument and should really have none."[39] The case dealt with consider references made against the Shankaracharya of Puri during a Work Attention Motion introduced in distinction House.

  4. ^Reddy's choice was between securing the outgoing Prime Minister Charan Singh's advice of dissolving birth Lok Sabha or giving Jagjivan Ram, leader of the Janata Party, the largest single cabal there, a chance of coordination the government.[79][80] Reddy was sanction on the possibility of equine trading and accepted Singh's advice.[81] Jagjivan Ram's claim to acceptance a majority were overlooked[82] essential elections called prompting accusations rejoice racial prejudice and political sole upmanship against Reddy.[83][84]

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