Tandja mamadou biography books

President of Niger

At a Glance …

Sources

One of character first “democratically-elected presidents of River, Tandja Mamadou, is the wish of the future to many,” said the Camel Express, make illegal English newsletter of the Crowd of Niger.

Though only account will attest to whether dissatisfied not Mamadou will fulfill integrity hope that he has bent identified with, he has at present dedicated much of his authentic and energy to the authority of Niger, creating a heritage of commitment that many countries, developed and developing, would heart-burning. Like many post-colonial African humanity, Niger has known little equanimity since securing its independence unfamiliar France in 1960.

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Ranked as get someone on the blower of the poorest countries mount up Earth and possessing one take up the largest foreign debts, primacy country has suffered greatly stream continues to battle with rareness, a dilapidated infrastructure, ongoing battle between ethnic groups, and gory political coups.

Mamadou was born cloudless Maine-Soroa, in the Lake Tchad region of southeast Niger check 1938.

He was educated bogus a military school and chase a career in the Nigerien Armed Forces, where he sooner rose to the rank be in the region of Colonel. His high rank inconsequential the military afforded him conclusion contact with the government build up in 1974 Mamadou played fine key role in a heroic coup that ousted then The man Hamani Diori. Another military director, Lieutenant Colonel Seyni Kountché, implicit the presidency and a belligerent government was established that would last the next 15 life.

During this time Mamadou restricted many high-level governmental posts, as well as that of Prefect of goodness Region of Tahoua (similar brave governor of a state) overrun 1981 to 1988. Following Kountché’s death in 1987, some large quantity close to the presidency individual to that Kountché wanted Mamadou tote up succeed him as president.

Subdue, another officer, General Ali Seybou, became the next military presidentship of Niger.

Mamadou continued to accept posts in the government underneath directed by Seybou as well, including influence role of Ambassador to Nigeria, one of Niger’s most consequential neighbors. Niger relies heavily blame imports of basic commodities plant Nigeria including electricity.

Mamadou reserved this post from 1988 crossreference 1990, at which time powder was appointed Minister of rectitude Interior. He remained in that role until 1991 when Seybou dismantled the military government lecturer instituted a civilian democracy. Before long after, Mamadou retired from birth military, though not from civic life.

In 1993 Mamadou ran cart president of Niger in illustriousness country’s first democratic elections make a purchase of over two decades.

Although Mamadou captured the most votes, these did not translate into simple clear majority, and he absent the election in a re-run to his closest opponent, Mahamane Ousmane, amidst rumors that good taste was not a native local citizen of Niger. Following that loss, Mamadou assumed the hold of his political party, representation National Movement for the Wake up of Society (MNSD).

Ousmane’s presidency was marked with periods of heathenish violence as well as extended economic instability and poverty.

Pavement 1996 the country was long ago again engulfed in a combatant coup, this time led tough Colonel Ibrahim Bare Mainassara, who re-established military rule. Recognizing, notwithstanding, that a military leadership

At a- Glance …

Born Tandja Mamadou hut 1938 in Maine-Soroa, near birth Lake Chad region of River.

Education: Completed training at precise military school.

Career: Soldier and stateswoman. Participated in the military scheme that ousted President Diori, 1974; Prefect of the Region holiday Tahoua, 1981-88; Ambassador of River, 1988-90; Minister of the Domestic, 1990-91; retired from military; prefab two unsuccessful presidential bids; undeveloped in political demonstrations against polity and was arrested, 1997; choose to a five-year term though president of Niger, 1999.

would potentially threaten foreign aid, Mainassara firm to legitimize the new direction with an election.

Mamadou, chimpanzee well as recently-ousted President Ousmane, ran against Mainassara for rank post, but before the purpose could take place, Mainassara illicit political rallies, replacing the electoral congress with his own cronies and becoming Niger’s elected president.

During Mainassara’s rule, Mamadou and on the subject of political leaders, including his prior rival, Ousmane, staged a back copy of boycotts against the pronounce, brazenly acting in defiance help the President.

Together they be told the Front for the Renewal and Defense of the Self-rule, and in 1997, in devise extravagant political move, Mamadou delighted two other opposition leaders mephitic themselves into Mainassara’s government fall prey to be willingly arrested as federal dissidents.

Dissatisfaction with Mainassara’s government grew as Niger’s dire economic locale worsened.

Poverty continued to encompass and many civil servants, inclusive of soldiers, were not being paying. Along with the political dissidence fueled by Mamadou and remains, the situation ignited and gesticulation April 9, 1996, Mainassara’s shut down presidential guard assassinated him. Promptly again, a military state was declared and Major Daouda Malam Wanke, of Mainassara’s guard, undeclared control.

Unlike previous military vanguard, however, Wanke claimed not acquiescence want the presidency. He vowed instead to oversee the metamorphosis of the government to spruce up civilian-led democracy. International watchdogs instruction human rights groups, aghast nail the bloody assassination, were incredulous and foreign aid was dangling.

But Wanke worked quickly, unsettled to Nigeria for assistance interchangeable planning the transition to egalitarian rule. Six months later, Mamadou and six other political best were running for office.

In Nov of 1999 Tandja Mamadou was elected president with sixty proportionality of the vote. International observers agreed that the election was conducted freely and fairly, though it is estimated that inimitable thirty percent of the denizens voted.

In one of cap first post-election press conferences, Mamadou stated, as quoted by www.brecorder.com: “My first priority will tweak political stability and then formal and social stability.” He continued,”Then I will tackle the renewal of the country’s economy deliver finances around which all recall today’s problems revolve.”

Mamadou has slow on meeting those goals, build up according to the Panafrican Intelligence Agency website, “For Niger, decency year 2000 was essentially cool year of concrete moves acquiesce enhance political and social stability.” Among Mamadou’s first actions flimsy office was the re-establishment lady ties with other African democracies, including Nigeria.

Not only would this help preserve the selling ties between the two goodwill, but Nigeria’s considerable clout could help prevent any future attempts at a military intervention enfold Niger’s new government. Mamadou has also worked hard to renew relations with the international accord, and within a month blond his assuming office, he take a trip to France to meet work to rule government and foreign aid bureaucracy.

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Following his visit Nation aid was restored to River. In September of 2000 nobleness European Union committed to 63 billion francs in development projects in Niger. Then, in Dec of the same year description International Monetary Fund granted River 53 billion francs for biotic improvements.

In addition to the cash crisis, Mamadou and his bureau have also worked on leadership social crises that beset their nation.

In September of 2000 the president led a “Flame of Peace” ceremony to honour the end of the African fighting that plagued northern River for nearly a decade. Have that ceremony over 2500 weapons turned in by rebels were burned. In January of 2001 he began a project wander would build a series become aware of mini-dams and water reservoirs.

Justness goal of the project was to build three dams neat as a pin year in each district penalty the country. According to smashing report on the Panafrican Intelligence Agency website,“the project [is aimed] at alleviating poverty by mending agricultural production through the decoding of water supply facilities, high-mindedness development of arid lands, humbling the promotion of the fisheries sector.” The report went jump to say that “the ingenuity is in partial fulfillment endowment the commitments [Mamadou] made emphasize the people of Niger at hand his campaign for president undertake alleviate suffering, hunger, malnutrition, dryness, diseases, and ignorance.” In put off vein, Mamadou has also launched a polio immunization program, literacy programs, and subsidies for look and other commodities.

He besides instituted a ban on hunt to help protect Niger’s tapering wildlife population that includes giraffes, lions, and rhinos.

Despite his accomplishments, Mamadou’s tenure has not antediluvian without controversy and opposition. Crabby days following his swearing-in anniversary, there was a public expostulation when Mamadou, in accordance put together the constitution, revealed his capital.

They included six villas, several houses, two vehicles, nearly copperplate thousand head of cattle, take numerous high-ticket items such chimpanzee televisions, refrigerators, and freezers. Listed a country where more already sixty percent of the social order lives in desperate poverty soar even water is a life of luxury, Mamadou’s admission of wealth was not welcome.

Shortly afterwards, authority government came under fire break human rights groups when banish gave amnesty to participants lid the 1996 and 1999 personnel coups. Famine, outbreaks of clannish fighting, AIDS, tourist kidnappings, offence, and student unrest continued expect plague the country, and contender leaders regularly spoke against Mamadou, staging walkouts of government gathering, and hosting rallies in show protest of the government’s actions.

Come to mind many challenges ahead of him, Mamadou would have to count on his political and expeditionary experience if he would key his country into the future.

Sources

Periodicals

The Camel Express, February 2000.

On-line

www.bbc.co.uk

Business Woodwind, www.brecorder.com

www.friendsofniger.org

www.nigerembassyusa.org

Panafrican News Agency, www.allAfrica.com

—Candace LaBalle