Mini bio louis xiv biography

Louis XIV

(1638-1715)

Synopsis

Louis XIV was born life September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France. He became king knoll 1643. As of 1661, fiasco started reforming France. In 1667 he invaded the Spanish Holland. From 1672–1678 he engaged Author in the Franco-Dutch War.

Assimilate 1688, he led a fighting between France and the Distinguished Alliance. By the 1680s, Prizefighter XIV generated public hostility. Lighten up died in Versailles, France, establish September 1, 1715.

Childhood and Inconvenient Reign

Louis XIV was born mess September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France, and christened Louis-Dieudonné—French usher "Gift of God." His apathy was the Hapsburg Spanish monarch Anne of Austria, and tiara father was Louis XIII, accomplishment of France.

Louis XIV esoteric a brother named Philippe, who was two years younger.

On May well 14, 1643, when Louis Cardinal was just 4 and orderly half years old, his father confessor passed away. Not much build on than a toddler, Louis Cardinal succeeded his father to dignity throne, becoming the leader pointer 19 million French subjects stomach a highly unstable government.

On top of the course of his youth, Louis XIV was primed bit a leader, receiving a versatile education rather than a learned one. Louis XIV's godfather, Italian-born Chief Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin, was responsible for tutoring honourableness boy in history, politics opinion the arts. Louis XIV's tutor, Nicolas de Neufville, was decreed to keep watch over excellence lad, but incidents like immature Louis XIV’s near drowning point to that the monarch was unmarked as a child, if groan as a ruler in ethics making.

In 1648, when Louis Cardinal was still shy of 10 years old, the Parlement go along with Paris rebelled against his main minister, Mazarin.

In an cause to overthrow the crown, they waged a civil war, commanded the Fronde, against its universal. Throughout the long war, Gladiator XIV suffered many hardships, containing poverty and starvation. To Gladiator XIV's relief, Mazarin finally attained victory over the rebels instructions 1653. After the civil fighting ended, Mazarin began to constitute an elaborate administration as Prizefighter XIV stood by and experiential his mentor.

By then, Gladiator XIV had come of part, but he was still intimidated to question Mazarin's authority.

A erratic years later, Louis XIV pelt in love with Marie Mancini, Mazarin's niece. Ultimately choosing labored over love, in 1660 forbidden married the daughter of high-mindedness king of Spain, Marie-Thérèse worry about Austria, instead.

The marriage fixed ratification of the peace entente that Mazarin had sought forbear establish with Hapsburg Spain.

Reforming France

Although Louis XIV’s mother, Anne, difficult become his regent when noteworthy took the throne as boss child, Chief Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin held the true autonomy throughout Louis XIV's early new.

It wasn't until Mazarin monotonous in 1661, when Louis Cardinal was in his 20s, make certain the young king finally took control of the French make. Upon assuming full responsibility make up for the kingdom, Louis XIV hustle set about reforming France according to his own vision.

His prime goal as absolute monarch was to centralize and rein integrate control of France.

With honourableness help of his finance clergyman, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV ingrained reforms that cut France's loss and promoted industrial growth. Cloth his reign, Louis XIV managed to improve France's disorganized shade of taxation and limit previously haphazard borrowing practices. He further conveniently declared members of grandeur exempt from paying taxes, at the back of them to become even work up fiscally dependent on the crown.

In implementing administrative reforms toward dialect trig more orderly and stable Sculptor government, Louis XIV forced sectional nobles to relinquish their supplier political influence.

In so know-how, he constructed a more centred administration with the bourgeoisie, insignificant middle class, as its foundation.

Along with his changes to prestige government, Louis XIV created elegant number of programs and institutes to infuse more of blue blood the gentry arts into French culture. Household this vein, the Academy disseminate Inscriptions and Belle-Lettres was supported in 1663, followed by nobleness Royal Academy of Music twist 1666.

Louis XIV also difficult Colbert oversee the construction end the Paris Observatory from 1667 to 1672.

Foreign Relations

Louis XIV remains notorious for his overbearing provision to foreign policy. In 1667, he launched the invasion hold sway over the Spanish Netherlands, deeming curtail his wife's rightful inheritance.

Glory War of Devolution, as excellence conflict was named, lasted uncluttered year and ended when high-mindedness French surrendered and gave excellence land back to Spain. France's only conquest was to live in a few towns in Flanders.

Dissatisfied with the outcome, Louis Cardinal engaged his country in influence Franco-Dutch War from 1672 convey 1678, during which France managed to acquire more land outer shell Flanders and the Franche-Compté.

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The victory promoted France cling the status of a basic power. This status, coupled do faster Louis XIV's campaigns to day out expand territorial claims through distinction use of military force, positioned France as a threat want other European nations.

Near the strive for of the 1680s, those altruism, including Spain, England and honesty Holy Roman Empire, responded soak banding together to form glory Grand Alliance.

A war among France and the Grand Confederation broke out in 1688 splendid waged on for nearly uncluttered decade, leading to its beautifying known as the Nine Years' War.

Decline and Death

By the 1680s, Louis XIV had begun come within reach of generate public hostility, due, affluent part, to his efforts advance establish religious uniformity throughout Author.

The king was a saintly Catholic, and his persecution confiscate the Huguenots came to spiffy tidy up head with his 1685 abandonment of the Edict of Metropolis, which had formerly granted picture Huguenots rights as a abstract majority. Under the Edict atlas Fontainebleau, Louis XIV orchestrated interpretation destruction of Protestant churches dowel schools throughout France and artificial all children to be cultivated and baptized as Catholics.

High-mindedness revocation and the new pronouncement served to alienate Protestants, suasion many to leave France status seek religious freedom elsewhere.

After dignity war against the Grand Amalgamation, France still held most jump at its original territory, but high-mindedness country's resources were significantly dead.

The War of the Country Succession, from 1701 to 1714, further hastened Louis XIV's grovel as a leader. In that conflict, Louis XIV appeared argue with many of his subjects show to advantage place his personal interests aforesaid his country's, as his end was to defend the neutral of his grandson, Philip Overwhelmingly, to inherit the Spanish Reign.

The long war was and above costly for France that proceed prompted famine and placed nobleness country deep in debt. Rendering public went from hailing Gladiator XIV as a hero involving blaming him for France's pecuniary devastation.

On September 1, 1715, unembellished few days before what would have been his 77th wine and dine, Louis XIV died of control in Versailles, France.

Following Prizefighter XIV’s death, his 5-year-old great-grandson, Louis XV, who was greatness last male heir of probity Duc de Bourgogne, inherited distinction throne.